Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau began from the 1880's till the First World War and it was held in the Western Europe and US. The inspirations were from organic objects such as dragonflies, wings, sea and grass.

Art Nouveau was influenced by: nature, arts and crafts, rococo, celtic art, Japanese art, Egyptian art and gothic revival. Certain curves were inspired from deep sea creatures.

Art Nouveau has several names in different countries:
Britain and Glasgow - Art Nouveau

France- Art Nouveau or Modern Style

Vienna- Sezessionstil

Germany- Jugendstil

Italy- Stile Liberty

Spain- Modernista

America- part of the Arts and Crafts


The term itself Art nouveau first appeared in the Belgian Journal in the 1880's-L-Art Moderne. Post-Impressionism and Symbolism were related with Art Nouveau. Some influential graphic artists were Alphonse Mucha, Jules Chéret, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Art Nouveau was meant to be beautiful while being affordable and having certain decoration.In the 1920's Art Nouveau lost its fashion because of Art Deco but then it regained it in the 1960's.

Jules Cheret

Jules Cheret was born in Paris in 1836 and died in 1982. He was a French painter and lithographer. He had a limited education because he and his family were poor. Painting led him to do an art course at the Ecole de Dessin.

While visiting various museums in Paris he studied some techniques of certain artists. Cheret left Paris because he wasn't happy with what he was doing and he hoped to find a job as an artist.

Cheret is known as the father of The Belle Epo
que poster where he inspired other painters for them to explore the genre. In 1890 he was awarded Legion d'Honneur also in 1928 his achievements in graphic art were honoured by the French government.

In 1863 Angelo Mariani came up with the Vin Mariani. It became one of the most popular wines of all time. It was a mixture of booze and coke. The advertisements said that it would give you health, strength, energy and vitality.





He uses colours for illustrations and he experiments with typographic elements. The typography in this illustration is sans-serif and it looks as though it is hand-written. The background colours are dull while the pink is creating attention.


Eugene Grasset

He was born in 1841 in Lausanne. He studied architecture and polytechnical in Zurich. He did furniture design, book illustrations and posters. Grasset did many important works such as the stained glass windows in the cathedral at Orleans, the design of the facade of the Hôtel de Dumas in Paris and mosaics in Saint Etienne in Braire.



These examples above are the work of Eugene Grasset, they have some Japanese characteristics, such as the trees and flowers and the clothes that they are wearing. They look like certain works on the wood blocks.






















This poster is from 1894, it was done by a thick black drawing locking forms into flat areas. As we can see in this image, Grasset used medieval clothing and he used touches of Japanese Art. He also made stained glasses, on fabric, typefaces and printers ornaments.

Bibliography:

Art Nouveau | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2014. Art Nouveau | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/artn/hd_artn.htm. [Accessed 12 October 2014].

Jules Cheret - The complete works. 2014. Jules Cheret - The complete works. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.jules-cheret.org/. [Accessed 13 October 2014].

Cheret.Info - The Life and Art of French Painter Jules Cheret. 2014. Cheret.Info - The Life and Art of French Painter Jules Cheret. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cheret.info/. [Accessed 15 October 2014].

Patent Medicines of Yesteryear | The Fix. 2014. Patent Medicines of Yesteryear | The Fix. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.thefix.com/content/patent-medicines-yesteryear#slide6. [Accessed 15 October 2014].

Jules Cheret: French Poster Designer, Lithographer. 2014. Jules Cheret: French Poster Designer, Lithographer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-artists/jules-cheret.htm. [Accessed 15 October 2014].

Design History: Jules Cheret. 2014. Design History: Jules Cheret. [ONLINE] Available at: http://be-artsy.blogspot.com/p/jules-cheret.html. [Accessed 15 October 2014].

Eug￿ Samuel Grasset Biography - Infos - Art Market. 2014. Eug￿ Samuel Grasset Biography - Infos - Art Market. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eugene-grasset.com/. [Accessed 15 October 2014].

http://guity-novin.blogspot.com/2010/05/history-of-graphic-design-birth-of-art.html


Having a look at History of Graphic Design: Cheret and Grasset. 2014. Having a look at History of Graphic Design: Cheret and Grasset. [ONLINE] Available at: http://havingalookathistoryofgraphicdesign.blogspot.com/2012/06/cheret-and-grasset.html. [Accessed 19 October 2014].

What is Graphic Design?

What is Graphic Design?

The definition of Graphic Design is to communicate with people by using typography, illustration, photographs and printing. The first person to use the term Graphic Design was William Addison Diggins in 1922.

Every person can communicate in different ways such as texting, speaking, drawing, in sign language, signs and other people communicate through graphic design by posters, illustrations, manipulated photographs and advertisments. Certain works of Graphics are to inform, others are to advise people about something and to give opinion.

There are different types that one could use Graphic Design for:

Insignificant- Stamp design
                       Labels
                       Bus tickets and concert tickets
                       Billboards
                       Posters

Permanent-    Logos and brand names
                       Hotel signs and company signs

Signs and
sombols-        Translating pictures and/ or images into words and meaning

Pictogram-      Image representing an object/place/meaning creating a visual language.

Rebus-            Is a pictorial image representing a sound

Ideogram/

Phonogram-   A character or a symbol representing a whole idea

This is an example of a Graphic designer work:

A Graphic Designer uses certain programs to create these type of work such as Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign.
Graphic Design goes back to the medieval times. They used to stamp on metal. Even in caves, people used to paint on them with certain tools or engrave.

There is the image based design which consists of images that represents defferent ideas that the graphic designer wants to communicate to us with information and emotions. In this case the image has to show all the information, it as to be clear to the target audience either way the graphic designer is not doing their work right. The images can be either painted, drawn, manipulated, taken primarily or graphically rendered. For example one can use clichés to interpret a message. If the graphic designer has an audience where they don't know that fire means danger for example he or she should do something different to communicate.

Then there is the type-based design which consists of a typography message. Graphic designers can send a message to the people by a certain text that would imply something they want to send.

There are 3 roles in graphic design: To identify, to inform and instruct and to present and promote.


Examples of logos, signs, rebus and abstract:

Who is Stefan Sagmeister?

Stefan Sagmeister was born in 1962 in Austria. He blends typography and imagery to create new, ambitious stuff. He is best known for his album covers for Talking Heads, Lou Reed, OK Go and The Rolling Stones.
The Sagmeister and Walsh company creates identities, commercials, websites, apps, films, books and objects for clients.


Sagmeister  is known for tricking the senses as in typography, exhibitions and environmental art. He disorientate the images and manipulate them in his own style which is also knowned as Style=Fart.


At the age of 15 years, Sagmeister started his very own unorthodox career for a magazine titled, 'Anthorn', but he later realized that working on the layout was more enjoyable than writing articles.

This photo above is one of his magnificent works, he used typography on top of the woman shown and he used monochrome as colour scheme.









This example has a dynamic effect where the words form: Embrace change. The colour purple is used for the words and the dress of the woman.


Bibliography:


AIGA | What is graphic design? . 2014. AIGA | What is graphic design? . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.aiga.org/guide-whatisgraphicdesign/. [Accessed 05 October 2014].


Aizone - Work - Sagmeister & Walsh. 2014. Aizone - Work - Sagmeister & Walsh. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sagmeisterwalsh.com/work/project/aizone/. [Accessed 07 October 2014].

About Stefan Sagmeister | Stefan Sagmeister: The Happy Show. 2014. About Stefan Sagmeister | Stefan Sagmeister: The Happy Show. [ONLINE] Available at: http://thehappyshow.tumblr.com/Bio. [Accessed 07 October 2014].


AIGA | Stefan Sagmeister . 2014. AIGA | Stefan Sagmeister . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.aiga.org/medalist-stefan-sagmeister/. [Accessed 07 October 2014].